Beyond the Smartphone:

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Why Accessing Online Applications and Information requires more than a phone!

Our smartphones have become our gateway to a vast world of online applications and information from any location, at any time. Whether it’s social media, news updates, or business tools, these devices have transformed the way we interact with the world. However, relying solely on a smartphone for accessing online applications and information comes with inherent limitations. Let’s discuss why you need more than a phone to access the services and information available on the internet today.

Smartphones come in various screen sizes, ranging from compact to large displays. While they offer portability, reading lengthy documents, editing spreadsheets, or designing presentations may be cumbersome on smaller screens. Larger screens, like tablets or desktop monitors provide better readability, space for multitasking, and ergonomic advantages for prolonged use.

Typing extensively on a smartphone’s touchscreen keyboard can be slower and less accurate compared to physical keyboards or styluses available with tablets or laptops. Devices with dedicated keyboards facilitate faster typing, enhancing productivity for tasks like drafting emails, writing reports, or coding.

Web applications can vary in their design and functionality. While mobile apps are built specifically for the smartphone format, web apps need to be responsive and adaptable to different screen sizes and systems. Responsive Design means that web apps are not confined to a single device type and can be accessed through various devices, including tablets, laptops, and desktops, providing users with a seamless experience regardless of the device used. Even if a web application has a responsive design, some functions do not work as well and some not at all on a smartphone.

Certain tasks are accomplished more efficiently on devices other than smartphones. Typing long documents, creating complex spreadsheets, or designing intricate presentations are more comfortably and effectively done on a device with a full-sized keyboard and larger display area. The nature of some applications can demand more robust computing power or a larger screen size than what smartphones offer.

Accessing online applications and information often necessitates reliable and high-speed internet connectivity. While smartphones offer mobile data and Wi-Fi capabilities, network coverage can be inconsistent in certain areas. Devices like laptops or tablets can connect to wired networks or offer stronger Wi-Fi antennas for more stable internet access, crucial for uninterrupted work or streaming.

Multitasking capabilities are essential for professionals juggling multiple applications simultaneously. Smartphones, while capable of multitasking to a certain extent, may not provide the same efficiency as larger devices with split-screen capabilities or multiple windows. Moreover, prolonged use of smartphones may strain eyesight and posture compared to larger screens with adjustable setups.

Security concerns are paramount when accessing sensitive information or using online applications for financial transactions. Devices like laptops or desktops offer more robust security features such as encryption, firewalls, and secure boot options. They also provide better control over data privacy settings and compliance with regulatory requirements.

Tablets, laptops, or Chromebooks do not have to be expensive to provide the size and functionality you need to fully access services and information on the Internet. Take a look at some of these articles that discuss low-cost options for tablets and laptops:

The best cheap tablets of 2024: Expert tested and reviewed | ZDNET

https://www.zdnet.com/article/best-cheap-tablet/

The best cheap tablets in 2024 – our top picks | Tom’s Guide (tomsguide.com)

https://www.tomsguide.com/best-picks/best-cheap-tablets

The Best Cheap Tablets for 2024 | PCMag

https://www.pcmag.com/picks/the-best-cheap-tablets

If you are having trouble affording a tablet, Chromebook, or laptop, PCs for People (https://www.pcsforpeople.org/) may be able to help.  You can also check with local organizations such as the community action agencies that provide community support to see if they provide help in acquiring a tablet or laptop. Local libraries may have computers available to use for services that might be better accessed on a larger screen and with the functionality of a browser on a tablet or computer.

To fully utilize the power and functionality of the applications available online, more than a phone is needed. The cost of the additional tools does not have to break the bank for you to be able to take advantage of all the Internet has to offer.

Dispelling Common VPN Myths

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Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) have become essential tools for enhancing online privacy and security. However, with their increasing popularity, several misconceptions have arisen about what VPNs can and cannot do. Understanding these misconceptions is crucial for users to make informed decisions about using VPNs effectively.

Here are some of the most common myths debunked:

Myth 1: VPNs Provide Complete Anonymity – One of the biggest misconceptions is that VPNs offer complete anonymity online. While VPNs do an excellent job of hiding your IP address and encrypting your data, they are not foolproof. Other methods of tracking, such as browser fingerprinting or cookies, can still identify users. VPNs are one part of a larger privacy toolkit and should be used in conjunction with other privacy measures for better anonymity.

Myth 2: All VPNs Are the Same – Not all VPNs are created equal. There are significant differences in the levels of security, privacy policies, and features offered by various providers. Some may keep logs, offer different encryption standards, or have more robust server networks than others. It’s important to research and compare VPN providers before choosing one.

Myth 3: VPNs Can Make Your Internet Faster – Another common myth is that VPNs can increase internet speed. In reality, the encryption process and rerouting of traffic through VPN servers can sometimes slow down your connection. The impact on speed can vary based on the quality of the VPN service and the distance to the server.

Myth 4: VPNs Are Only for Tech-Savvy Users – VPNs are often thought to be complex and only suitable for advanced users. However, many VPN providers have made significant efforts to create user-friendly interfaces that make it easy for anyone to use their services, regardless of technical expertise.

Myth 5: Free VPNs Are Just as Good as Paid Ones – While free VPNs can be appealing, they often come with limitations such as data caps, slower speeds, and fewer servers. Moreover, some free VPNs may compromise your privacy by tracking your activities or displaying ads. Paid VPNs offer better security and features.

Myth 6: VPNs Are Only for Questionable Activities – There’s a misconception that VPNs are only used for hiding illegal activities. This is far from the truth. Many people use VPNs for legitimate reasons, such as protecting their privacy, securing their data on public Wi-Fi, for work, or accessing content restricted in their region.

Myth 7: VPNs Protect Against All Online Threats – VPNs are excellent for securing your data in transit, but they do not protect against all types of online threats. For instance, they cannot prevent phishing attacks or malware. It’s essential to use VPNs alongside other security measures like antivirus software and safe browsing practices.

Myth 8: VPNs Are Illegal – The legality of VPNs varies by country. In most places, using a VPN is perfectly legal, especially for protecting personal privacy and security. However, some countries have restrictions on VPN use, so it’s important to be aware of the laws in your location.

By understanding these common misconceptions, users can set realistic expectations and use VPNs more effectively as part of their online security strategy. Remember, a VPN is a valuable tool, but not a silver bullet for online privacy and security. It’s one component of a comprehensive approach to safeguarding your digital life.

12 common VPN myths bustedhttps://nordvpn.com/blog/myths-about-vpn/

Common VPN Myths Debunkedhttps://www.bitdefender.com/blog/hotforsecurity/common-vpn-myths-debunked/

Choosing the Right Web Browser for You

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You’ve gotten your connection to the Internet, and you are ready to start using your computer, tablet, or phone to access the various applications, information, and entertainment online. While there are apps to access several functions and products online, the vast majority are accessed through your device’s web browser.

Selecting the right web browser or browsers helps you create a seamless and secure online experience. The landscape of web browsers has evolved, offering a variety of options, each with its unique features and benefits. Whether you prioritize speed, privacy, customization, or compatibility, there is a browser tailored to meet your needs.

Each device you use to access your online applications, search for information, shop, and other activities has a default web browser installed. For Example, Windows based devices have Microsoft Edge; Apple IOS devices (iPhone, iPad) and macOS laptops have Safari; and Android based devices (phones, tablets, Chromebooks, and others) have Chrome as the default browser. All these devices (except Chromebooks) allow multiple browsers to be installed and set as the default web browser.

It is always a good idea to install multiple browsers on your device. Even if you choose to use the browser that came installed as the default browser, there are several reasons to have multiple web browsers available:

  • Compatibility – Some websites and applications may function better with certain browsers and may indicate those browsers on their home page. While sites generally operate with all browsers, certain features may work better with specific browsers.
  • Redundancy – Having multiple browsers ensures that you have a backup in case one fails. If a website doesn’t work on one browser, you can quickly switch to another without disrupting your workflow.
  • Testing – If a web site doesn’t work on one browser, you can switch to another browser to see if the site is down or if you need to clear the cache on the other browser to get site to work.
  • Personal Preference – Sometimes, it’s just a matter of personal preference. You might prefer the user interface of one browser for reading news and another for watching videos. Multiple browsers give you the flexibility to choose the experience you want.

When looking at web browsers there are several to choose from. Below are some of the most popular:

Google Chrome continues to be a popular choice, known for its speed and simplicity. It’s designed to be quick at loading pages and offers compatibility with most websites. However, it’s not without its drawbacks, such as the lack of a built-in VPN or a true reading mode, which can be a downside for users seeking these features.

Mozilla Firefox is an option for those who want a browser that focuses on security. It has been consistently praised for its privacy-focused features and is considered one of the best browsers for users who are security-conscious.

DuckDuckGo is a fairly new browser option to the market. This web browser focuses on privacy by default. The browser and their search engine do not track your searches or display personalized ads. DuckDuckGo by default blocks tracking scripts, ads, and unnecessary site cookies.

Opera may be a choice for those that use social media. Opera integrates social media platforms seamlessly, enhancing the overall browsing experience.

Apple Safari and Microsoft Edge are also strong contenders, each optimized for their respective operating systems, macOS and Windows, providing a smooth user experience with integrated features that complement their ecosystem.

When choosing a web browser, it’s essential to consider your specific needs and preferences. Do you require a browser that offers high performance and compatibility, or do you prioritize privacy and security? Perhaps customization and integration with social media are your deciding factors. Whatever your criteria may be, the current browser market has something for everyone.

As we continue to rely heavily on the Internet for both personal and professional tasks, the importance of choosing the right web browser cannot be overstated. It’s the gateway to the online world and digital economy. Making an informed choice can significantly enhance your digital life.

Remember, all these browsers are free, so we encourage testing them out to see which one aligns best with your online habits and requirements. Happy browsing!

For more detailed reviews and comparisons, take a look at the guides provided by PCMag, TechRadar, and HighSpeedInternet.com. These resources offer valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of each browser, helping you make a well-informed decision.

Browsers discussed in this blog:

Google Chromehttps://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/ 

Mozilla Firefoxhttps://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/

DuckDuckGohttps://duckduckgo.com/

Operahttps://www.opera.com/

Apple Safarihttps://www.apple.com/safari/

Microsoft Edgehttps://www.microsoft.com/en-us/edge

Sources:

PCMaghttps://www.pcmag.com/picks/chrome-edge-firefox-opera-or-safari-which-browser-is-best

TechRadarhttps://www.techradar.com/best/browser

HighSpeedInternet.comhttps://www.highspeedinternet.com/resources/best-web-browsers

How to Find a Telehealth or Tele-mental Health Provider

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Many of the same considerations for finding a provider for in-person health services apply to finding a telehealth or tele-mental health provider. You should look for a provider who is licensed, qualified, experienced, and compatible with your needs and preferences.

How can you find a telehealth or tele-mental health provider?

  • Ask your primary care provider for a referral or recommendation.
  • Contact your insurance company or visit their website to see what providers are in-network and what services are covered.
  • Search online directories or databases of telehealth or tele-mental health providers, such as those offered by professional associations or organizations.
  • Read online reviews or testimonials from other patients who have used telehealth or tele-mental health services.
  • Ask your friends, family, or peers for suggestions or feedback.

How do you prepare for a Telehealth or Tele-mental Health Visit?

Once you have found a provider and scheduled an appointment, you should prepare for your telehealth or tele-mental health visit by following these steps:

  • Test your device, connection, and platform before the session to make sure they work properly. If possible, use a wired connection instead of Wi-Fi for better stability.
  • Choose a quiet, private, and comfortable location where you will not be disturbed or distracted. Use headphones or earbuds if needed.
  • Have any materials or documents you may need during the session ready, such as your insurance card, medication list, notes, questions, etc.
  • Log in to the platform or app at least 10 minutes before the session starts. Follow the instructions provided by your provider or the platform to join the session.
  • Be respectful, honest, and engaged during the session. Treat it as you would an in-person visit. Ask for clarification or feedback if needed.
  • After the session, write down any important information or instructions from your provider. Follow up with any questions or concerns you may have.
  • If you do not have the ability to access telehealth services in your home see if your local healthcare providers, libraries, or other agencies may be able to provide a private space for you and others in the community to access telehealth services.

Telehealth and tele-mental health platforms are convenient and effective ways to receive health care services, especially for mental health conditions. They can offer many benefits, such as increased access, reduced barriers, and improved technology. However, they also have some drawbacks, such as potential issues with quality, cost, privacy, and insurance coverage.

You should weigh the pros and cons of using telehealth and tele-mental health and find a provider who meets your needs and preferences. You should also prepare for your virtual visit by testing your technology, choosing a suitable location, and being respectful and engaged.

Additional reading and information:

How do I schedule a telehealth appointment? | Telehealth.HHS.gov

How do I use telehealth for behavioral health care? | Telehealth.HHS.gov

What do I need to use telehealth? | Telehealth.HHS.gov

What should I know before my telehealth visit? | Telehealth.HHS.gov

What if I’m having trouble using telehealth? | Telehealth.HHS.gov

What happens after my telehealth visit? | Telehealth.HHS.gov

Benefits of Telehealth and Tele-Mental Health

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Telehealth is the use of telephones and\or videoconferencing technology to provide health care services, including mental health care. Tele-mental health is sometimes referred to as telepsychiatry or telepsychology. Research suggests that tele-mental health services can be effective for many people, including those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety.

Telehealth and Tele-mental health can make a difference in the care and treatment of individuals that are unable to travel due to illness, who are unable to drive, or cannot afford to travel to see specialists or their primary care doctor. Having access to preventative healthcare as well as care during an illness can improve the health of individuals and allow them to stay in their homes instead of a long-term care facility.

Having the ability to access a reliable broadband provider is an essential component of accessing healthcare and mental health services virtually. Broadband connectivity should be affordable and reliable so all individuals can access services such as Telehealth and Tele-mental health.

Let’s explore some of the benefits and drawbacks of using telehealth and tele-mental health, as well as some tips on how to find a provider and prepare for a virtual visit.

Benefits of Telehealth and Tele-mental Health:

  • Convenience: You don’t have to travel to see your provider, which can save you time, money, and hassle. You can also schedule appointments with less notice and at more flexible hours.
  • Broader reach: You can access providers who may not be available in your area, especially if you live in a remote or rural location. You can also receive care in emergency situations or when you need immediate support.
  • Fewer barriers: You may feel more comfortable and less stigmatized seeking mental health care through a screen than in person. You may also find it easier to open up and share your feelings with a provider who is not physically present.
  • Advances in technology: As telehealth and tele-mental health services have increased, providers have become more familiar with the technology and platforms they use. Some providers have switched to entirely virtual practices, which can offer more consistency and continuity of care.

Disadvantages of Telehealth and Tele-mental Health:

  • Access to technology: You need a reliable internet connection and a device that can support audio and video. You may also need to download specific software or apps to use the service.
  • Quality issues: The quality of the audio and video may vary depending on your device, connection, and platform. Poor quality can affect how well you can communicate with your provider and how satisfied you are with the service.
  • Cost: You may need to invest in new or updated equipment, platforms, or networks to use telehealth and tele-mental health services. You may also have to pay out-of-pocket fees if your insurance does not cover the service or if you use an out-of-network provider.
  • Privacy: You need to ensure that your device, connection, and platform are secure and that no one else can access or overhear your sessions. You may also feel less comfortable sharing personal information with a provider who is not physically present.
  • Insurance coverage: The policies and regulations regarding telehealth and tele-mental health services vary from state to state and from insurer to insurer. You need to check with your provider and your insurance company before using the service to make sure it is covered and what the requirements are.

Telehealth and Tele-mental health service can provide a great advantage to you in your personal care and well-being. Being able to visit with your primary care provider, specialists, or mental health professional remotely can give you access that is more convenient for you, does not require travel to their office, and can give you a greater level of privacy by being able to receive services in your home. Using telehealth and tele-mental health does require broadband access to have full audio and video visits with your healthcare provider as well as a device capable of video conferencing. Cost and insurance coverage also need to be considered when deciding to use Telehealth and tele-mental health services.

Additional reading and information:

Why use telehealth? | Telehealth.HHS.gov

What are different types of telehealth? | Telehealth.HHS.gov

How do I pay for telehealth? | Telehealth.HHS.gov

What can be treated through telehealth? | Telehealth.HHS.gov

How do I protect my data and privacy? | Telehealth.HHS.gov

Broadband Across Missouri StoryMap

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Missouri Broadband Focus Group Study participant areas

Recently, the Community Innovation and Action Center at the University of Missouri-St. Louis conducted the Missouri Digital Asset Mapping Focus Group Study. In the study, they hosted 20 focus groups around the state to learn more about the realities of broadband access for Missourians.

To help illustrate their findings, the Center for Applied Research and Engagement Systems created a StoryMap. Explore the StoryMap to read selected quotes from the focus group participants alongside data to demonstrate the barriers and opportunities for reliable high-speed internet in Missouri.

Learn more about the Missouri Digital Asset Mapping Focus Group Study and StoryMap in a recent highlight by MU Extension.

Common Issues with Home Networks and How to Fix Them

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A home network connects multiple devices, such as computers, smartphones, tablets, TVs, printers, and smart home devices, to each other and to the internet. Sometimes you may encounter problems with your home network that affect your online experience. Here are some of the most common issues with home networks and how to fix them:

Slow Internet Speeds

If your internet connection is slow or lagging, you may have several possible causes, such as:

  • Your internet service provider (ISP) may be having issues or throttling (i.e., limiting) your bandwidth because of the service package purchased
  • Your modem or router is outdated or malfunctioning
  • Your network is congested with too many devices or applications
  • Your network is affected by interference from other wireless signals or devices
  • Your device is infected with malware or running too many background processes

To fix slow internet speeds, you can try the following solutions:

  • Update your modem and router firmware to the latest version. Firmware updates can improve performance and security of your network devices.
  • Reduce the number of devices or applications that are using your network. Close any unnecessary tabs or programs on your device and disconnect any devices that are not in use.
  • Change the location or channel of your router. Place your router in a central and elevated position, away from walls, metal objects, and other sources of interference. Change the wireless channel of your router using the router’s web interface or app. Changing the channel of the Wi-Fi may improve signal strength and reduce interference from neighboring routers.
  • Scan your device for malware and remove any suspicious files or programs. Use reputable antivirus software and keep it updated regularly.
  • Restart your device, modem, and router. Sometimes, a simple reboot can clear any temporary issues and improve your network performance.
  • Test your internet speed using an online tool such as Speedtest.net and compare it with your ISP’s advertised speed. If there is a significant difference, contact your ISP and report the problem.

Devices Not Connecting

If you have trouble connecting a device to your network, it may be because of one of these reasons:

  • Your device’s Wi-Fi adapter is disabled or faulty
  • Your device’s network settings are incorrect or incompatible
  • Your device’s network drivers are outdated or corrupted
  • Your router’s security settings are blocking your device
  • Your router’s DHCP server is not assigning IP addresses properly. DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, which is a service that assigns IP addresses to devices on your network automatically.

To fix connection issues, you can try these solutions:

  • Check your device’s Wi-Fi adapter and make sure it is enabled and working properly. You can use the network troubleshooter on Windows or the wireless diagnostics on Mac to diagnose and fix any problems with your Wi-Fi adapter.
  • Check your device’s network settings and make sure they match your router’s settings. For example, if your router uses WPA2 encryption, your device should also use WPA2 encryption. If your router uses a static IP address, your device should also use a static IP address. WPA stands for Wi-Fi Protected Access.
  • Update your device’s network drivers to the latest version. Network drivers are software that allows your device to communicate with your network hardware. You can update them manually from the device manufacturer’s website or automatically using a driver updater tool from the device manufacturer.
  • Check your router’s security settings and make sure they are not blocking your device. For example, if your router has a MAC (media access card) address filter, you need to add your device’s MAC address to the allowed list. If your router has a firewall, you need to allow the ports and protocols that your device uses.
  • Check your router’s DHCP server and make sure it is enabled and working properly. If DHCP is disabled or malfunctioning, you may need to assign IP addresses manually or reset your router.

Intermittent Connectivity

If your Internet or home network connection drops frequently or randomly, it might be caused by:

  • Your ISP is having outages or maintenance
  • Your modem or router is overheating or overloaded
  • Your network cable is damaged or loose
  • Your wireless signal is weak or unstable
  • Your device is switching between networks

To fix intermittent connectivity, you can try these solutions:

  • Check your ISP’s status page or social media accounts for any reports of outages or maintenance. If there is an issue on their end, you will have to wait until they resolve it.
  • Check your modem and router for any signs of overheating or overload. If they feel hot to the touch or have blinking lights, you may need to cool them down or reduce their workload. You can do this by placing them in a well-ventilated area, unplugging any unnecessary devices, and limiting bandwidth-intensive activities such as streaming or gaming.
  • Check your network cable for any signs of damage or looseness. If the cable is frayed, bent, or disconnected, you may need to replace it or reconnect it securely.
  • Check your wireless signal for any signs of weakness or instability. If the signal is weak or fluctuating, you may need to improve it by moving closer to your router, reducing interference, or using a Wi-Fi extender or mesh network.
  • Check your device for any signs of switching between networks. If your device is connected to multiple networks, such as Wi-Fi and cellular, it may switch between them depending on the signal strength and availability. You can prevent this by disabling the network that you don’t want to use or setting a priority for the network that you want to use.

By following these diagnostics steps and implementing one or more of the solutions provided, you can get your home network and your devices connecting at their fastest speeds and enjoying the information and resources available on the In

BEAD — Let’s Not Throw Away Our Shot Part 2 –Affordability

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By Marc McCarty

& Meredith Morrison

The last Blog described the Missouri Office of Broadband Development’s (OBD) proposal to spend up to $1.7 billion for broadband projects that will be funded by the federal government’s Broadband Equity Access Deployment (BEAD) program. We highlighted ways local government and nonprofit organizations (Public Organizations) can play an important role at the outset, by helping to make the list of locations eligible for BEAD funding as accurate as possible, and by initiating contact with internet service providers (ISPs) to express the community’s interest in partnering to “digitally connect” their community.

Three ingredients are essential for communities to digitally connect while holistically benefitting the health, education, and economic advancement of its residents: (1) access to internet service, (2) the skills necessary for service adoption, and (3) a pricing model that makes service affordable. BEAD only directly addresses internet access. Internet adoption and affordability will require Public Organizations to organize and enter into partnerships with existing and new ISPs.

This blog focuses on the challenge to make broadband service affordable; a challenge that has been made much more difficult because of the end of funding for the Affordable Connectivity Program (ACP).

Why Affordability Matters

Obviously, community residents and businesses cannot reap the benefits of broadband service if they can’t afford it! Like other utilities, broadband service comes with a monthly fee, and all ISPs generally must earn enough in monthly subscription revenue to cover the costs of capital investment, network maintenance, and service operations. In Missouri, most ISPs are “for-profit” companies, in which shareholders/investors must earn a reasonable return on their investments. For this reason, particularly, in hard to reach communities where there are fewer locations per square mile, obtaining a high percentage of paying subscribers can be critical to an ISP’s survival.

Most Missourians are understandably unwilling or unable to pay for high-cost broadband service. Multiple surveys show that a high monthly internet subscription cost is one of the biggest roadblocks to the adoption of broadband. Of course, in part the affordability of broadband service depends on whether potential subscribers feel confident they need and can use fixed broadband, or instead, can continue to rely on their internet-connected mobile phone or public hotspots. The next blog will cover how Public Organizations can address this issue by boosting internet adoption.

Many Missourians face a “would if I could” problem when monthly internet subscription costs compete with basic necessities, such as food, housing, water, and other utilities. Ironically, these households most desperately need broadband service to effectively access government and nonprofit assistance and improve their economic prospects for a better life. Clearly, some targeted program to make broadband affordable to low-income households is needed.

The Affordable Connectivity Program

The Affordable Connectivity Program was enacted along with BEAD as part of the 2021 infrastructure law to address this specific concern. In the two years it has been in place, 23 million households nationwide (nearly 400,000 in Missouri alone) received a $30 per month subsidy for internet service and a one-time discount they could apply to the purchase of a basic computer or tablet. Roughly 1 in 6  households across our state benefited from ACP, and in many rural counties 1 out of every 4 or 5 internet subscribers, received service subsidized by ACP.

The ACP became a victim of its own success. As structured, 42 million households were estimated to be eligible for the ACP benefit. Even though just a little more than half those families eventually applied and began participating in the ACP, the original $14 billion appropriation for the program is almost entirely depleted. The FCC has barred any new subscribers, and the program will end next month. While bipartisan legislation has been introduced to fund the ACP until year end, it is not expected to be enacted, and of course it is only a stopgap measure. In order to truly meet the needs of families, and provide a stable subscriber income base for ISPs, the program needs a permanent funding source, and this need is particularly evident as ISPs attempt to build out broadband in hard to reach unserved and underserved areas using the BEAD program.

Certainly absent a viable alternative, many participating households served by the ACP may be forced to drop service. While the federal government’s Lifeline program can offer some current ACP subscribers discounted broadband at connection speeds up to 25/3 Mbps, that is below the 100/20 Mbps mandated by the BEAD and ARPA programs. Additionally, the qualifying income levels for Lifeline are lower, and other eligibility requirements are more difficult to meet than those imposed by the ACP. Finally, many ISPs are not qualified to offer customers the Lifeline program benefit.

The Subscriber Revenue Gap Created by the End of ACP

Of course, the end of the ACP also creates some significant financial challenges for ISPs. ACP gave ISPs an incentive to build infrastructure in low-income communities, because the program increased their estimated take rate and subscriber revenues.  One study estimated that the loss of the ACP will translate into a decline in subscribers that will raise the cost of bringing broadband to unserved rural communities by 25%!

It is also unclear how ACP’s termination affects the sixty ISPs that were awarded grants as part of Missouri’s  $261 million Broadband Infrastructure Grant Program. These grant came from Missouri’s share of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act — Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Fund (SLFRF). Federal Regulations for the SLFRF program require that grant recipients offer low-income households affordable subscription options, commensurate with ACP’s benefits in areas served by grant-funded broadband infrastructure. While this requirement may soften the blow from the loss of the ACP in these isolated communities, the question remains, how will ISPs afford to implement a “commensurate” ACP benefit on their own?

Taken together, the loss of the ACP seems destined not only to make it harder for lower income households to subscribe for internet service, it also may make it significantly harder for Missouri to achieve the overall goals of the BEAD program – to extend broadband service to all unserved and to as many underserved areas of the state as possible.

How can Public Organizations Help?

In 2022, Governor Parson proposed using state funds to supplement broadband subscription costs for low income households.  However, that legislation ultimately was not enacted, and other than the Lifeline program previously discussed, there is no comprehensive federal or state program that directly subsidizes the monthly cost of broadband for lower income families. However, that does not mean that Public Organizations – particularly local government – are unable to indirectly help ISPs provide affordable broadband service to households that need financial assistance.

The key here is to recognize that ISPs can provide an ACP-type benefit to their customers so long as that cost is subsidized and that subsidy can take the form of either a direct payment to help the customer pay for service or, indirectly, by further reducing the ISP’s cost of building the broadband infrastructure. A BEAD grant can do that in part, but likely not if the ISP’s subsidy needs to be increased by 25%, because the ACP is not available! Yet it makes no sense to increase the government subsidy to the ISP for construction unless the ISP is willing to use the amount saved to provide an affordable broadband connection to its customers, through a program similar to the ACP.

For example, assume that an ISP was able to build and successfully operate a broadband network with a BEAD grant of $2 million, so long as it could rely on ACP-funded subscriber revenues to help pay for the infrastructure and cost of network operations. Based on the Commonsense study, one would conclude that the ISP would need 25% more ($2.5 million) because of the loss of the ACP. In that case Public Organizations might agree to provide the ISP the additional money needed to close the funding gap ($500,000), but only on the condition that the ISP agrees to self-fund an ACP-type benefit for the community in the future.

Unspent Local ARPA Funds

One possible source of the additional money needed, that some local governments may have available is the local government component of ARPA SLFRF money. In addition to money paid directly to the state, Missouri’s 114 Missouri counties and 15 cities received a separate SLFRF award. These local governments have the flexibility to use these funds for many purposes, one of which is “high-speed broadband infrastructure.” All local SLFRF money must be obligated by December 31, 2024 and spent by December 31, 2026. As of September 2023, Missouri’s local governments reported that they had obligated only $1,450,997,654 of the $2,419,661,436 in SLFRF Funds. This means that as of last Fall, just over 40 percent of the money awarded remained available.

Other possible local programs to access local money.

Many communities may already have appropriated their entire ARRA SLFRF award for other permitted purposes. In these cases, there are other options that can be used to provide financial support to ISPs that agree to provide affordable broadband service to lower income households. Again, the overall strategy is the same: use locally generated funds to reduce the ISP’s cost installing broadband infrastructure in unserved and underserved locations, in exchange for the ISP’s commitment to provide a targeted low-cost subsidy to qualified low income subscribers.

These options include special financing districts and government sponsored tax-exempt financing.

Special District Financing

Three  types of special financing districts are available to Public Organizations seeking to raise money to support an ISPs broadband infrastructure project. In each case, these special financing districts must support and fund a “public private partnership” (P3) that will provide broadband service within a specific geographic area or “District.” Each type of District may impose various new local taxes or special assessments for that purpose. The three types of districts are (1) a Community Improvement District (CID), (2) a Neighborhood Improvement District (NID) and a Broadband Infrastructure Improvement District (BIID).

The statutes set out the procedure and powers for each of these districts and while they are not identical, they do share some common elements:

  • The area served by the District can be specifically tailored to include all or a portion of a city or county, or in the case of CIDs and BIIDs multiple jurisdictions.
  • The District may fund a public private partnership that will bring broadband service to one or more unserved or underserved areas (as certified OBD). The statute defines unserved and underserved using similar criteria to that used for BEAD grant funding.
  • The District can impose a variety taxes (sales tax, property taxes, or a special property assessment to fund its contribution the P3). However in most cases, voter approval of the affected district residents is required to impose the tax.
  • In each case, the P3 agreement must provide that the ISP will own and operate the broadband network infrastructure (not the District).

A significant advantage of Missouri’s special financing district laws is that they are flexible and can be adapted to a variety of situations. Since Districts can impose local taxes and/or assessments that only apply in the District, it is possible to tailored them to include only those areas that need broadband. In this way they could be an ideal source of locally sourced funds to help ISPs close a funding gap and make it economically feasible to provide broadband service to residents of all income levels. This is important both because of the gap created by the loss of the ACP funding and, more generally because all BEAD – funded projects must have at least 25% of the project costs funded from some source other than the BEAD grant.

 

Example of a Special District Financing to Support Broadband Affordability

A community might decide to create a CID to assist in funding broadband infrastructure for 20 unserved farms and homes along a county road. Property owners along that road could petition the County to form and authorize funding for the CID. The District’s objective would be to lower the cost of installing broadband so that the ISP was financially able to provide free or low-cost service to low income families with school age children.

To fund the CID, property owners in the area would agree to impose an annual special assessment (collected along with real property taxes each year) from each property owner in the District. As part of the P3 agreement, the CID would agree that amounts collected each year would reimburse it for part of its cost of funding the broadband project that was not paid for out of the BEAD grant, and that the collected amounts would be applied to fund a monthly broadband service subscription subsidy for lower income families.

Tax-exempt Private Activity Bond Financing

Tax-exempt private activity bond financing may provide another option for Public Organizations that want to reduce an ISPs infrastructure cost, so that a low cost broadband subscription option can be offered to lower income residents. Tax-exempt private activity bonds are a special type of local government debt. Unlike traditional bonds where the local government is the named borrower and responsible for repaying the debt, private activity bonds are usually repaid only from money provided by a private entity (in this case an ISP).

These tax-exempt bonds can only be used in a specific geographic area where 50% or more of the structures are “unserved” (broadband service less than 25 Mbps download and 3 Mbps upload). When completed, the constructed project must provide at least 90% of the previously unserved locations with connection speeds of at least 100 Mbps download and 20 Mbps upload. If these and other requirements are met, interest paid to investors (bond purchasers) is exempt from most federal and all Missouri income tax. Because investors do not pay income tax on the bonds they own, they are willing to accept a lower interest rate than a similar taxable bond or loan. In this way, the ISP benefits because it pays substantially less interest each year on the debt used to finance the project.

 

Example of Tax Exempt Private Activity Bond to Support Broadband Affordability

 

Assume an ISP wished to bring broadband service to all structures in a county, and that the cost of constructing the network was $50 million. The ISP receives a BEAD grant for $35 million, but is responsible for raising the additional $15 million. The County’s residents want the service, but know that a significant number of residents simply cannot afford to pay the monthly subscription cost for broadband service. For a variety of reasons, the county cannot provide financial assistance to the ISP through a new tax or assessment.

Instead, the County might issue $15 million of private activity bonds that the ISP would use to fund the project. The ISP (not the County or any Public Organization) will be solely responsible for repaying the bonds.  The bonds have an interest rate that is 1.5% lower than a taxable borrowing. This means the ISP “saves” $225,000 of interest cost each year the bonds remain outstanding.

As a condition for issuing the bonds, the County requires the ISP to offer lower income subscribers a special low cost broadband plan, which it is able to fund because of the interest expense saved each year. 

Where There’s a Will….

In a perfect world, funding for broadband affordability would not have run out just as funding for broadband access and adoption was becoming available. Of course no one would say that the ACP was a perfect solution. Many would argue that the ACP and Lifeline programs need to be combined and a permanent funding model needs to be put in its place, and there is considerable merit to that position. But allowing ACP to expire without reworking the Lifeline program or providing some other workable alternative is difficult to justify. The unfortunate result for many communities is that they must work creatively with their ISPs to make sure that the broadband infrastructure built is affordable to all members of the community. The alternatives listed here all seem to be feasible, and there are many others (described in a recent “White Paper”) that communities can consider. However, all require a community effort, and some creative thinking. The question for many communities – is whether they are willing to make this effort, or will they instead risk “throwing away their shot” at digital connectivity.

Protecting Your Information Online

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As our lives become increasingly entangled in the digital world, we face many challenges and risks when protecting our personal information. Data breaches, identity theft, phishing, malware, and cyberattacks are common threats that can compromise the privacy and security of consumers’ data. We all need to be aware of the best practices and tools that can help us safeguard our information online.

Below are several of the best practices that you can follow to protect your information online:

Use strong and unique passwords for different accounts and devices. A strong password should be at least twelve characters long, include a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols, and avoid common words or phrases. A password should not be reused with multiple accounts or devices, as this can increase the risk of hacking all the accounts using the same password.

Use two-factor authentication (2FA) whenever possible. 2FA is a security feature that requires an additional verification step, such as a code sent to a phone, app, or email, a set of security questions only you know the answer to, or a biometric scan to access an account or device. 2FA can prevent unauthorized access even if the password is compromised or stolen.

Be careful about what you share online and who you share it with. Avoid posting or sending sensitive information, such as personal details, financial information, or photos, on social media platforms, messaging apps, or email. You should also check the privacy settings and permissions of the apps and websites they use and limit the amount of data they collect or share with third parties. Set apps to share information only with friends, turn off tracking, and limit apps’ access to location data where possible.

Consider using a VPN (Virtual Private Network). VPN on your tablet, computer, or phone encrypts your internet connection and hides your location from hackers. The VPN connection makes it almost impossible for third parties to track your online activity. Using a VPN application is highly recommended to protect your privacy on public Wi-Fi networks.

Keep your applications, web browsers, and devices updated. You should set applications on your tablet, phone, or computer to update automatically.  I would also recommend checking for updates manually on a regular basis (at least monthly). This includes the operating system of the device, along with web browsers and other apps that connect online. Updates not only fix productivity issues. They provide necessary security updates. Missing updates will leave you vulnerable to threats.

Reject cookies and other trackers when possible. Websites now ask or allow you to set what cookies and information you will allow them to track. Take advantage of this opportunity to reduce the information you share with sites. You can also set your web browser to block cookies and trackers on various websites. Web browsers can also be set to send a “Do Not Track” request to the site to block some of the cookies and other trackers. Not all sites process this request, but it is worthwhile to activate this setting. To learn how to change the tracking management settings in your browser, type in “tracking prevention and the name of the web browser you use (Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari, or other browser).”

Install antivirus software. Antivirus software (AV) can detect, quarantine, and\or delete threats that may exploit systems or devices. AV can also warn about malicious websites and provide other services that can help protect your information online such as VPN, scanning for your information on sites that sell information on the dark web, and other features.

Avoid clicking on suspicious links or attachments in emails or messages. Be wary of phishing emails or messages that trick you into revealing personal information or downloading malicious software. Phishing emails or messages may appear from legitimate sources, such as banks, government agencies, or online services. Still, they often have spelling errors, grammatical mistakes, or urgent requests. Always verify the sender’s identity and the authenticity of the link or attachment before clicking on it by contacting the sender through an alternate means. Do not reply directly to the sent message. Look for senders’ information in your contact list or company website.

Consider purchasing identity theft insurance. In today’s environment, it is not a question of if your data will be involved in a data breach but when it will happen. You can purchase identity theft insurance through the same companies that sell your car or homeowners insurance. You can also purchase it through other companies like LifeLock or other Antivirus providers. While it does not protect you from the breach, it will help you recover your identity should your information be used to steal your identity or create loans or large purchases in your name.

Get your yearly free credit report and consider subscribing to one of the three credit monitoring services. You can get your credit reports from one of the three credit monitoring services, Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion, every year for free by going to Annual Credit Report.com and filling out a request.  You may want to consider subscribing to one of these services, which allows you to receive alerts when changes happen to your credit report, lock your credit report, and set fraud alerts to prevent others from opening lines of credit with your information.

The Affordable Connectivity Program May “Go Away” Just When it is Needed Most

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They say timing is everything, and that certainly likely will be the case as we move forward this year to implement major components of the 2021 Federal Infrastructure legislation (the Infrastructure Act). You may recall that the Infrastructure Act appropriated $65 billion with the objective of providing every residence, business and institution in the United States a high-speed internet connection – broadband, and the skills to use it. Read more…