23 Jul 2025

Which Operating System Should I Choose?

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To help you purchase a new computer or tablet, we’ve discussed important jargon and what to consider when choosing a new or refurbished device. But we haven’t yet fully discussed different computer operating systems and choosing the right one for you.

The major operating systems (OSs) for computers are Windows, MacOS, and ChromeOS. The available operating systems for tablets include Android, iPadOS from Apple, Windows, and ChromeOS.

There are other OSs available for computers and tablets. Most are based on Linux, which is an open-source operating system. Open-source software or OSs are defined by the source code of the program being available to programmers to customize and provide security updates and new features to the software. These programmers form communities and share updates and information as well as provide support to users of the software via online documentation and videos. These OSs are free to download and use in most situations and can help extend the life of a computer that is not capable of being updated to the latest versions of Windows, Android, or the Apple operating systems (MacOS or iPadOS). Open-source operating systems might be a good choice for those that have more experience with computers and want to learn something new. Examples of Linux based operating systems are Ubuntu, Debian, and Kubuntu.

When looking at computers or tablets and the various OSs you’ll need to decide what the primary use of your device will be. Will you be using it to access information via the web and email, using productivity apps for home or business use, or doing design work such as creating graphics, designs, or audio, and video? The applications you will use can help decide which operating system and even which computer or tablet you decide to purchase.

Let’s go over the advantages and disadvantages of each of the operating systems for desktop and laptop computers.

Windows:

  • Advantages:
    • Versatility: Works on a wide range of devices, from budget to high-end.
    • Software compatibility: Supports a variety of applications, including gaming and professional software.
    • Customization: Allows users to tweak settings and personalize their experience.
  • Disadvantages:
    • Security risks: Because it is widely used, more malware and viruses are written to try and take advantage of the Windows operating system.
    • Frequent updates: Some users find Windows updates disruptive. Frequent updates are also an advantage for the operating system as upgrades include security updates and new features.
    • Performance variability: Runs on many different hardware configurations, leading to inconsistent performance.

MacOS:

  • Advantages:
    • Optimized performance: Works seamlessly with Apple hardware.
    • Security: Because the operating system is not as widely used as Windows, fewer malware and viruses are written for the operating system.
    • User-friendly interface: Intuitive design, great for creatives and professionals in visual design, architecture, engineering, audio, and video development.
  • Disadvantages:
    • Limited hardware choices: Only available on Apple devices.
    • Higher cost: Apple computers tend to be more expensive.
    • Software restrictions: Some applications, especially games, may not be available.

ChromeOS:

  • Advantages:
    • Affordability: Generally, the most budget-friendly option.
    • Simplicity: Designed for web-based tasks, making it easy to use.
    • Security: Automatic updates and built-in virus protection.
  • Disadvantages:
    • Limited offline functionality: Heavily reliant on internet access.
    • Software limitations: Cannot run traditional desktop applications like Windows or MacOS because it must be connected to the Internet.
    • Hardware constraints: Less powerful than Windows or MacOS devices.

Linux based Operating Systems:

  • Advantages:
    • Open-source and free: Several versions available for download.
    • Highly customizable: Allows you to choose how you work with the operating system.
    • Secure and stable: Updates are available, and the operating systems are updated based on community efforts.
    • Large community support: The communities for these operating systems not only provide updates, but support users on issues and how-to’s for using the operating systems.
  • Disadvantages:
    • Steeper learning curve for beginners: No manuals for the OS. You have to rely on community forums and online help for support and the how-to’s on using the OS.
    • Some software may not be compatible: You have to check if a Linux alternative exists or if you have to use a web version of the application.
    • Hardware support varies by distribution: Online research is needed to determine if OS is compatible with your hardware.

Each tablet OS caters to different needs just like the computer OSs. Let’s look at the unique advantages and disadvantages for each:

iPadOS (Apple):

  • Advantages:
    • Optimized Performance: Available only on Apple hardware, ensuring smooth performance.
    • Security: Strong security and privacy features.
    • Extensive app ecosystem: The Apple app store has a variety of productivity applications, games, and other services.
    • Work and communicate between devices: Seamless integration with other Apple devices.
  • Disadvantages:
    • Limited hardware choices: Limited to Apple tablets (iPads).
    • hardware costs: Expensive compared to other tablet options.
    • Less customization: Not as customizable compared to Android.

Android:

  • Advantages:
    • Hardware choice: Available on a wide range of tablets from different manufacturers.
    • Customization: Highly customizable with widgets and third-party apps.
    • Application Availability: Large app ecosystem via Google Play Store.
    • Multiple users: Supports multiple user profiles.
  • Disadvantages:
    • Manufacturer added programs: Some tablets come with added and often unwanted software from the manufacturer or vendor (bloatware).
    • Update Variability: Software updates can be inconsistent with different manufacturers.
    • Security issues: Security risks due to open-source nature.

Windows:

  • Advantages:
    • Desktop\laptop experience: Menu, applications, and other features are the same as the desktop.
    • Windows Software: Great for productivity with support for the computer versions of Microsoft Office and other professional software available for use and not just tablet versions.
    • Familiar accessories: Tablets can be compatible with external desktop accessories like keyboards and mice.
  • Disadvantages:
    • Not as touch screen friendly: Less optimized for touch-based interactions compared to iPadOS and Android.
    • Fewer apps: Limited tablet-specific apps.
    • Hardware costs: Can be more expensive and heavier than other tablets.

ChromeOS:

  • Advantages:
    • Performance: Lightweight and fast, ideal for web-based tasks.
    • Security: Secure with automatic updates.
    • Hardware cost: Affordable compared to Windows and iPadOS tablets.
  • Disadvantages:
    • Needs to be connected: Limited offline functionality when not connected to the Internet.
    • Software Compatibility: Cannot run traditional desktop applications.
    • Hardware performance: Less powerful hardware compared to Windows tablets.
    • Optimized for hardware:  ChromeOS can be run on other devices but is optimized for Chomebooks and tablets.

Choosing the right computer or tablet depends on what you want to do with the device, and which applications you need to accomplish those tasks. That will drive your decision on which operating system to choose.

For more information on operating systems, check out these articles:

9 Jul 2025

Open Box and Refurbished Computers or Tablets – What to Consider

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In previous blogs we’ve discussed the need for more than a smartphone and  what to look for when buying a new tablet or computer.  As you shop for a new device, you may want to consider saving money by purchasing an open-box or refurbished computer or tablet.

Open-box devices are usually returns that have been opened and either not used or started to be used and then reset and returned. Often, they come in almost pristine condition and may have minor cosmetic blemishes. They’re typically priced lower than brand-new items.

Refurbished devices are products that have undergone testing, repair, and cleaning, restoring them to a condition that meets quality standards. They can be factory-refurbished (by the original manufacturer) or restored by a third-party specialist.

When shopping for either an open-box or refurbished device, here are some things to consider:

  • Certification and Testing: Look for devices that are manufacturer-certified or have been through a thorough, accredited refurbishment process. Manufacturer-refurbished products, for example, typically endured rigorous testing and meet strict quality standards. They often include original parts and have been restored to nearly new performance levels. Third-party refurbishment can also be reliable but read the fine print to know exactly what testing has been done.

  • Warranty and Return Policy: A solid warranty can be your safety net if the device develops unexpected issues. Most refurbished and open-box devices come with a limited warranty, ranging from 30 days to a full year. Check the vendor return policy. A return policy allows you to try the device risk-free, ensuring that if it doesn’t meet your expectations, you have options.

  • Physical Condition: Ensure the description outlines the cosmetic and functional condition. Minor cosmetic imperfections might be acceptable, but make sure they don’t affect usability.

  • Accessories: Verify whether the device includes key accessories, such as chargers, cables, and sometimes original packaging. Missing accessories could mean additional out-of-pocket expenses. The original packaging can also help with resale value should you decide to sell the device later.

  • Updates: Confirm that the device is compatible with current or upcoming software updates. This is especially important for security patches and smooth, ongoing performance. Older devices can be left out of future security patches and operating system updates. This should be evaluated when deciding on your purchase.

  • Clean installations: Look for a system that’s been recently reset or preloaded with a clean version of the operating system. Avoid buying a system that was just updated but may have software and applications installed by the previous owner or vendor.

  • Battery Condition: Check on the condition of the battery in the device. Ask for the battery’s health status or cycle count. Batteries naturally wear down over time, and a refurbished device might have older battery cells. If possible, choose a device where the battery has been replaced or tested to perform near new standards.

  • Vendor Reputation: Check the seller’s reputation and customer reviews. Purchase your open-box or refurbished device from a reputable vendor known for their quality refurbishment processes and excellent customer service. Read the customer reviews and check out vendor ratings on platforms like Amazon Renewed, Best Buy Outlet, or eBay’s certified refurbishers. Positive reviews from other buyers provide extra assurance about the quality and reliability of both the product and the vendor

  • Price versus Risk: Balance your savings with the potential risks to purchasing an open-box or refurbished device. Look beyond just the reduced price; consider the potential trade-offs. A steep discount might be enticing, but if the device lacks a warranty or has known battery issues, the risk might outweigh the savings. Weigh any potential future costs (like battery replacements or additional accessories) against the initial savings to get a true picture of the deal.

Purchasing an open-box or refurbished device is a terrific way to save money if you know what to look for when making your decision. Purchasing a device that is certified and has a good warranty from a trusted vendor with a good return policy helps to make the decision easier. Doing the research and taking your time can ensure you purchase a device that meets your needs and delivers the performance you need.

For more information:

5 Dec 2024

Decoding Computer Jargon: A Guide for Buyers

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Purchasing a computer can be a daunting task, especially when you’re bombarded with the technical jargon in computer ads and the information at the store. This blog will help to demystify the common terms you’ll encounter and help you make an informed decision.

Let’s dig into the most common terms you’ll see in computer ads and what they mean.

Processor or central processing unit (CPU):

The CPU is the primary component of a computer that processes instructions. It runs the operating system and applications, constantly receiving input from the user or active software programs. The CPU processes the data and produces outputs, which may be stored by an application or displayed on the screen. Depending on what you plan to do with the computer will determine how powerful a processor you need. Gaming, video editing, and serious data processing will require more powerful processors.

When purchasing a computer, you’ll see the following information about the CPU:

  • GHz (Gigahertz): This measures the clock speed of the CPU. The higher the GHz means faster processing of data even with multiple applications running.
  • Cores: Modern CPUs have multiple cores, allowing them to process more tasks simultaneously. Common configurations include dual-core, quad-core, and octa-core.
  • Threads: Threads are virtual cores that help in multitasking. More threads can improve performance in multi-threaded applications.

Memory (RAM):

  • GB (Gigabytes): The amount of RAM, which affects how many tasks your computer can process at once. More RAM is better for multitasking. Most computers for home and business use will have between 8 to 16 GB of RAM. For most home and business uses, 8 to 16 GB of RAM is sufficient.
  • DDR4/DDR5: Types of RAM. DDR5 is the latest and fastest, but DDR4 is still widely used and sufficient for most users. When looking at computers for home and small office uses (web browsing, accounting, and streaming), DDR4 will be the most common memory in those machines. Gaming computers and computers used for graphics, video and music editing, and intensive data processing should have DDR5 memory.

Storage:

  • HDD (Hard Disk Drive): Traditional storage with moving parts. It’s cheaper but slower. Not as common now as it has been. But may still be a component in lower cost computers.
  • SSD (Solid State Drive): Faster and more reliable storage with no moving parts. More expensive but significantly improves performance.
  • TB (Terabytes) and GB (Gigabytes): Measures of storage capacity. 1 TB = 1000 GB. Common drive capacities in mid-range computers will be 256 or 512 GB.

Graphics Card (GPU):

  • Integrated Graphics: Built into the CPU, suitable for basic tasks and light gaming. This type of graphics card shares the RAM used for processing which can affect performance but is not an issue for basic applications.
  • Dedicated Graphics: Separate GPU with its own memory (VRAM), essential for gaming, video editing, and 3D rendering.
  • VRAM (Video RAM): Memory used by the Dedicated Graphics Card or GPU. More VRAM is better for handling high-resolution textures and complex graphics.

Display:

  • Resolution: The number of pixels on the screen. Resolution expressed as the number of horizontal and vertical pixels on a display screen. Higher resolutions mean more pixels and greater clarity. Common resolutions include Full HD (1920×1080), 4K (3840×2160).
  • Refresh Rate: Measured in Hz (Hertz), it indicates how many times the screen refreshes per second. Higher refresh rates (120Hz, 144Hz) are better for gaming and streaming of video.

Ports and Connectivity:

  • USB (Universal Serial Bus): Common interface for connecting peripherals. USB 3.0 and USB-C are faster than the older versions. Look for computers that have both types of USB ports.
  • HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface): Used for transmitting video and audio to monitors and TVs.
  • Display Port: A newer digital audio and video interface for connecting to monitors and projectors.
  • Ethernet: Wired network connection, faster and more stable than Wi-Fi.

Operating System (OS):

  • Windows: Versatile and widely used, compatible with most software.
  • macOS: Exclusive to Apple computers, known for its sleek design and integration with other Apple products.
  • Chrome OS: Lightweight and web-focused, found on Chromebooks.

Battery Life (for Laptops):

  • mAh (Milliamp Hours): Measures battery capacity. Higher mAh means longer battery life.
  • Hours of Usage: Estimated battery life based on typical usage.

Wireless Networking:

  • Wi-Fi: Wireless networking technology. Wi-Fi 6 is the latest standard, offering faster speeds and better performance in crowded areas.
  • Bluetooth: Wireless technology for connecting peripherals like keyboards, mice, and headphones.

Understanding the terms in computer ads or listed by computers in the store will allow you to make a more informed decision when purchasing a computer. Whether you’re a casual user, a gamer, or a professional, knowing what to look for can help you find the perfect machine for your needs.

Helpful Links:

Laptop Buying Guide (2024): – https://www.wired.com/story/how-to-buy-the-right-laptop-for-you/

Best Desktop Computer Buying Guide – https://www.consumerreports.org/electronics-computers/computers/buying-guide/

Here’s everything to consider when buying a CPU in 2024 – https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/cpu-buying-guide/

Dedicated Graphics Card vs. Integrated Graphics: Which is Better? – https://techguided.com/dedicated-graphics-card-vs-integrated-graphics/

27 Nov 2024

Beyond the Smartphone:

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Why Accessing Online Applications and Information requires more than a phone!

Our smartphones have become our gateway to a vast world of online applications and information from any location, at any time. Whether it’s social media, news updates, or business tools, these devices have transformed the way we interact with the world. However, relying solely on a smartphone for accessing online applications and information comes with inherent limitations. Let’s discuss why you need more than a phone to access the services and information available on the internet today.

Smartphones come in various screen sizes, ranging from compact to large displays. While they offer portability, reading lengthy documents, editing spreadsheets, or designing presentations may be cumbersome on smaller screens. Larger screens, like tablets or desktop monitors provide better readability, space for multitasking, and ergonomic advantages for prolonged use.

Typing extensively on a smartphone’s touchscreen keyboard can be slower and less accurate compared to physical keyboards or styluses available with tablets or laptops. Devices with dedicated keyboards facilitate faster typing, enhancing productivity for tasks like drafting emails, writing reports, or coding.

Web applications can vary in their design and functionality. While mobile apps are built specifically for the smartphone format, web apps need to be responsive and adaptable to different screen sizes and systems. Responsive Design means that web apps are not confined to a single device type and can be accessed through various devices, including tablets, laptops, and desktops, providing users with a seamless experience regardless of the device used. Even if a web application has a responsive design, some functions do not work as well and some not at all on a smartphone.

Certain tasks are accomplished more efficiently on devices other than smartphones. Typing long documents, creating complex spreadsheets, or designing intricate presentations are more comfortably and effectively done on a device with a full-sized keyboard and larger display area. The nature of some applications can demand more robust computing power or a larger screen size than what smartphones offer.

Accessing online applications and information often necessitates reliable and high-speed internet connectivity. While smartphones offer mobile data and Wi-Fi capabilities, network coverage can be inconsistent in certain areas. Devices like laptops or tablets can connect to wired networks or offer stronger Wi-Fi antennas for more stable internet access, crucial for uninterrupted work or streaming.

Multitasking capabilities are essential for professionals juggling multiple applications simultaneously. Smartphones, while capable of multitasking to a certain extent, may not provide the same efficiency as larger devices with split-screen capabilities or multiple windows. Moreover, prolonged use of smartphones may strain eyesight and posture compared to larger screens with adjustable setups.

Security concerns are paramount when accessing sensitive information or using online applications for financial transactions. Devices like laptops or desktops offer more robust security features such as encryption, firewalls, and secure boot options. They also provide better control over data privacy settings and compliance with regulatory requirements.

Tablets, laptops, or Chromebooks do not have to be expensive to provide the size and functionality you need to fully access services and information on the Internet. Take a look at some of these articles that discuss low-cost options for tablets and laptops:

The best cheap tablets of 2024: Expert tested and reviewed | ZDNET –

https://www.zdnet.com/article/best-cheap-tablet/

The best cheap tablets in 2024 – our top picks | Tom’s Guide (tomsguide.com) –

https://www.tomsguide.com/best-picks/best-cheap-tablets

The Best Cheap Tablets for 2024 | PCMag –

https://www.pcmag.com/picks/the-best-cheap-tablets

If you are having trouble affording a tablet, Chromebook, or laptop, PCs for People (https://www.pcsforpeople.org/) may be able to help.  You can also check with local organizations such as the community action agencies that provide community support to see if they provide help in acquiring a tablet or laptop. Local libraries may have computers available to use for services that might be better accessed on a larger screen and with the functionality of a browser on a tablet or computer.

To fully utilize the power and functionality of the applications available online, more than a phone is needed. The cost of the additional tools does not have to break the bank for you to be able to take advantage of all the Internet has to offer.

26 Jun 2024

Best Practices to Use Fitness Apps and Trackers Securely

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Fitness apps and trackers are becoming more popular as people seek to improve their health and wellness. These devices can monitor various body metrics, such as heart rate, sleep quality, calories burned, and steps taken. They can also provide personalized feedback, coaching, and motivation to help users achieve their fitness goals.

However, fitness apps and trackers also pose some security risks that users should be aware of. These devices collect and store sensitive personal data, such as location, biometrics, health conditions, and habits. This data can be valuable for hackers, advertisers, insurers, employers, or other third parties who may want to access it for malicious or commercial purposes. 

If this data is compromised, leaked, or misused, it can have serious consequences for users’ privacy, safety, identity, reputation, or finances. For example, hackers could use location data to track users’ movements, stalk them, or rob their homes. Advertisers could use health data to target users with personalized ads or offers based on their conditions or behaviors. Insurers or employers could use fitness data to assess users’ risk profiles or performance and adjust their premiums or salaries accordingly.

Therefore, it is essential for fitness app and tracker users to take some precautions to protect their data and devices from unauthorized access or exposure. Here are some best practices to securely use fitness apps and trackers:

  • Choose a reputable brand: When buying a fitness app or tracker, it is advisable to choose a well-known and trusted brand that has a good reputation for security and privacy. A reputable brand is more likely to design secure devices, update them regularly, fix vulnerabilities promptly, and notify users of any breaches or incidents. A lesser-known brand may offer cheaper or more attractive features, but it may also have weaker security measures, less accountability, or more hidden risks. You can review the different fitness trackers from articles at PC Magazine and CNET.
  • Read the privacy policy: Before using a fitness app or tracker, it is important to read and understand its privacy policy. The privacy policy should explain what data the app or tracker collects, how it uses it, with whom it shares it, how long it retains it, and how it protects it. The privacy policy should also inform users of their rights and choices regarding their data, such as opting out of certain features or deleting their accounts. Users should avoid apps or trackers that have vague, unclear, or invasive privacy policies.
  • Adjust the settings: Most fitness apps and trackers have settings that allow users to customize their preferences and control their data sharing. Users should review these settings carefully and adjust them according to their needs and comfort levels. For example, users can disable location tracking when not needed, limit the access of third-party apps or services to their data, enable notifications or alerts for suspicious activities, and revoke permissions for unused features.
  • Secure the account: Users should also secure their accounts by using strong passwords that they don’t use with other accounts and enabling two-factor authentication for the associated app. They should also avoid sharing their credentials with anyone else or logging in from untrusted devices or networks. Users should also monitor their accounts regularly and report any unusual or unauthorized activities.
  • Update the device: Users should keep their devices updated with the latest software and firmware versions. These updates often contain security patches that fix bugs or vulnerabilities that could expose users’ data or devices to hackers. Users should also install antivirus software on their smartphones if they use them to sync with their fitness apps or trackers.
  • Be careful with social media: Some fitness apps and trackers have social media features that allow users to share their progress, achievements, or challenges with other users or friends. While these features can be fun and motivating, they can also expose users’ data or location to strangers or unwanted audiences. Users should be careful with what they share on social media and who they share it with. They should also check the privacy settings of their social media accounts and limit the visibility of their posts.

By following these practices, fitness app and tracker users can enjoy the benefits of these devices while minimizing the risks of compromising their data or devices.

Additional reading and Information:

The biggest risks of using fitness trackers to monitor health (cnbc.com)

Unwrapping the Safety of Fitness Trackers: A Comprehensive Guide | by Lifestyle, Decor & Travel Insights | Medium

How to make sure your fitness trackers are secure – The Verge