23 Jul 2025

Which Operating System Should I Choose?

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To help you purchase a new computer or tablet, we’ve discussed important jargon and what to consider when choosing a new or refurbished device. But we haven’t yet fully discussed different computer operating systems and choosing the right one for you.

The major operating systems (OSs) for computers are Windows, MacOS, and ChromeOS. The available operating systems for tablets include Android, iPadOS from Apple, Windows, and ChromeOS.

There are other OSs available for computers and tablets. Most are based on Linux, which is an open-source operating system. Open-source software or OSs are defined by the source code of the program being available to programmers to customize and provide security updates and new features to the software. These programmers form communities and share updates and information as well as provide support to users of the software via online documentation and videos. These OSs are free to download and use in most situations and can help extend the life of a computer that is not capable of being updated to the latest versions of Windows, Android, or the Apple operating systems (MacOS or iPadOS). Open-source operating systems might be a good choice for those that have more experience with computers and want to learn something new. Examples of Linux based operating systems are Ubuntu, Debian, and Kubuntu.

When looking at computers or tablets and the various OSs you’ll need to decide what the primary use of your device will be. Will you be using it to access information via the web and email, using productivity apps for home or business use, or doing design work such as creating graphics, designs, or audio, and video? The applications you will use can help decide which operating system and even which computer or tablet you decide to purchase.

Let’s go over the advantages and disadvantages of each of the operating systems for desktop and laptop computers.

Windows:

  • Advantages:
    • Versatility: Works on a wide range of devices, from budget to high-end.
    • Software compatibility: Supports a variety of applications, including gaming and professional software.
    • Customization: Allows users to tweak settings and personalize their experience.
  • Disadvantages:
    • Security risks: Because it is widely used, more malware and viruses are written to try and take advantage of the Windows operating system.
    • Frequent updates: Some users find Windows updates disruptive. Frequent updates are also an advantage for the operating system as upgrades include security updates and new features.
    • Performance variability: Runs on many different hardware configurations, leading to inconsistent performance.

MacOS:

  • Advantages:
    • Optimized performance: Works seamlessly with Apple hardware.
    • Security: Because the operating system is not as widely used as Windows, fewer malware and viruses are written for the operating system.
    • User-friendly interface: Intuitive design, great for creatives and professionals in visual design, architecture, engineering, audio, and video development.
  • Disadvantages:
    • Limited hardware choices: Only available on Apple devices.
    • Higher cost: Apple computers tend to be more expensive.
    • Software restrictions: Some applications, especially games, may not be available.

ChromeOS:

  • Advantages:
    • Affordability: Generally, the most budget-friendly option.
    • Simplicity: Designed for web-based tasks, making it easy to use.
    • Security: Automatic updates and built-in virus protection.
  • Disadvantages:
    • Limited offline functionality: Heavily reliant on internet access.
    • Software limitations: Cannot run traditional desktop applications like Windows or MacOS because it must be connected to the Internet.
    • Hardware constraints: Less powerful than Windows or MacOS devices.

Linux based Operating Systems:

  • Advantages:
    • Open-source and free: Several versions available for download.
    • Highly customizable: Allows you to choose how you work with the operating system.
    • Secure and stable: Updates are available, and the operating systems are updated based on community efforts.
    • Large community support: The communities for these operating systems not only provide updates, but support users on issues and how-to’s for using the operating systems.
  • Disadvantages:
    • Steeper learning curve for beginners: No manuals for the OS. You have to rely on community forums and online help for support and the how-to’s on using the OS.
    • Some software may not be compatible: You have to check if a Linux alternative exists or if you have to use a web version of the application.
    • Hardware support varies by distribution: Online research is needed to determine if OS is compatible with your hardware.

Each tablet OS caters to different needs just like the computer OSs. Let’s look at the unique advantages and disadvantages for each:

iPadOS (Apple):

  • Advantages:
    • Optimized Performance: Available only on Apple hardware, ensuring smooth performance.
    • Security: Strong security and privacy features.
    • Extensive app ecosystem: The Apple app store has a variety of productivity applications, games, and other services.
    • Work and communicate between devices: Seamless integration with other Apple devices.
  • Disadvantages:
    • Limited hardware choices: Limited to Apple tablets (iPads).
    • hardware costs: Expensive compared to other tablet options.
    • Less customization: Not as customizable compared to Android.

Android:

  • Advantages:
    • Hardware choice: Available on a wide range of tablets from different manufacturers.
    • Customization: Highly customizable with widgets and third-party apps.
    • Application Availability: Large app ecosystem via Google Play Store.
    • Multiple users: Supports multiple user profiles.
  • Disadvantages:
    • Manufacturer added programs: Some tablets come with added and often unwanted software from the manufacturer or vendor (bloatware).
    • Update Variability: Software updates can be inconsistent with different manufacturers.
    • Security issues: Security risks due to open-source nature.

Windows:

  • Advantages:
    • Desktop\laptop experience: Menu, applications, and other features are the same as the desktop.
    • Windows Software: Great for productivity with support for the computer versions of Microsoft Office and other professional software available for use and not just tablet versions.
    • Familiar accessories: Tablets can be compatible with external desktop accessories like keyboards and mice.
  • Disadvantages:
    • Not as touch screen friendly: Less optimized for touch-based interactions compared to iPadOS and Android.
    • Fewer apps: Limited tablet-specific apps.
    • Hardware costs: Can be more expensive and heavier than other tablets.

ChromeOS:

  • Advantages:
    • Performance: Lightweight and fast, ideal for web-based tasks.
    • Security: Secure with automatic updates.
    • Hardware cost: Affordable compared to Windows and iPadOS tablets.
  • Disadvantages:
    • Needs to be connected: Limited offline functionality when not connected to the Internet.
    • Software Compatibility: Cannot run traditional desktop applications.
    • Hardware performance: Less powerful hardware compared to Windows tablets.
    • Optimized for hardware:  ChromeOS can be run on other devices but is optimized for Chomebooks and tablets.

Choosing the right computer or tablet depends on what you want to do with the device, and which applications you need to accomplish those tasks. That will drive your decision on which operating system to choose.

For more information on operating systems, check out these articles:

22 Jul 2025

New Book: Bridging the Digital Divide

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This open access volume examines how local leaders across the U.S.—especially in rural, low-income, and Indigenous communities—are working to close the digital divide. It highlights innovative state and local approaches to broadband access and explores the policy tools, funding mechanisms, and community strategies that make a difference.

🔗 Download the book here

📖 Also available through Taylor & Francis under a Creative Commons (CC-BY-NC 4.0) license.

Download, read, and share!  https://www.routledge.com/Bridging-the-Digital-Divide-in-the-US-Planning-Innovative-State-and-Local-Approaches/Warner-Bravo-Shen/p/book/9781041024262

17 Jul 2025

BEAD Restructuring Round 1 Closes Soon

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As a reminder, applications for Restructuring Round 1 of Missouri’s Broadband Equity, Access and Deployment (BEAD) program are due by 5 p.m. CST on Thursday, July 24.

Application Resources

The Office of Broadband Development (OBD) has published several resources to help prepare Round 1 applications:

All BEAD applicants are encouraged to review these documents before submitting. Applicants should also carefully review OBD’s published requirements for all components of this streamlined application. Failure to use the prescribed format may preclude OBD consideration of submitted applications.

New NTIA Guidance

Please note that new guidance from the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) was issued on July 15 as a new version of their BEAD Frequently Asked Questions document.

The new guidance includes:

  • An indication that NTIA will give state broadband offices “significant leeway” and “reasonable deference” in making priority broadband project determinations (3.23)
  • A definition of the term “project cost” for the purpose of comparing submitted BEAD applications as the per-location Federal cost of a submitted project
    • This is calculated by subtracting the proposed match from the total project cost and then dividing that figure by the proposed number of BEAD-eligible locations to be served
    • This means that applicants that remove BEAD-eligible locations under OBD’s guidance will result in a higher project cost for the purpose of project selection (3.28)

NTIA has further required OBD to remove the following language from OBD’s Notice of Policy changes:

Applicants may submit multiple applications proposing the use of different technologies to serve the same application areas. In cases where two of an applicant’s applications are in competition for the same application area such that, had the winning application not been submitted, the applicant’s other application would have been awarded, the applicant may choose to withdraw its winning application in favor of the runner-up application.

The document has been updated accordingly. The text appeared on pages 14 and 16.

We appreciate your hard work to prepare proposals for the BEAD program on this abbreviated timeline.

July Stakeholder Update

Join OBD on Friday, July 25, at 1 p.m. as we share and discuss our continued work of Connecting All Missourians!

This month, we’ll provide updates on ongoing programs, including the BEAD program, and highlight new Non-BSL Functionality on the Broadband Map.

Registration is now open here. For those unable to join us live, this webinar will be recorded and made available on our Broadband Resources webpage.

9 Jul 2025

Open Box and Refurbished Computers or Tablets – What to Consider

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In previous blogs we’ve discussed the need for more than a smartphone and  what to look for when buying a new tablet or computer.  As you shop for a new device, you may want to consider saving money by purchasing an open-box or refurbished computer or tablet.

Open-box devices are usually returns that have been opened and either not used or started to be used and then reset and returned. Often, they come in almost pristine condition and may have minor cosmetic blemishes. They’re typically priced lower than brand-new items.

Refurbished devices are products that have undergone testing, repair, and cleaning, restoring them to a condition that meets quality standards. They can be factory-refurbished (by the original manufacturer) or restored by a third-party specialist.

When shopping for either an open-box or refurbished device, here are some things to consider:

  • Certification and Testing: Look for devices that are manufacturer-certified or have been through a thorough, accredited refurbishment process. Manufacturer-refurbished products, for example, typically endured rigorous testing and meet strict quality standards. They often include original parts and have been restored to nearly new performance levels. Third-party refurbishment can also be reliable but read the fine print to know exactly what testing has been done.

  • Warranty and Return Policy: A solid warranty can be your safety net if the device develops unexpected issues. Most refurbished and open-box devices come with a limited warranty, ranging from 30 days to a full year. Check the vendor return policy. A return policy allows you to try the device risk-free, ensuring that if it doesn’t meet your expectations, you have options.

  • Physical Condition: Ensure the description outlines the cosmetic and functional condition. Minor cosmetic imperfections might be acceptable, but make sure they don’t affect usability.

  • Accessories: Verify whether the device includes key accessories, such as chargers, cables, and sometimes original packaging. Missing accessories could mean additional out-of-pocket expenses. The original packaging can also help with resale value should you decide to sell the device later.

  • Updates: Confirm that the device is compatible with current or upcoming software updates. This is especially important for security patches and smooth, ongoing performance. Older devices can be left out of future security patches and operating system updates. This should be evaluated when deciding on your purchase.

  • Clean installations: Look for a system that’s been recently reset or preloaded with a clean version of the operating system. Avoid buying a system that was just updated but may have software and applications installed by the previous owner or vendor.

  • Battery Condition: Check on the condition of the battery in the device. Ask for the battery’s health status or cycle count. Batteries naturally wear down over time, and a refurbished device might have older battery cells. If possible, choose a device where the battery has been replaced or tested to perform near new standards.

  • Vendor Reputation: Check the seller’s reputation and customer reviews. Purchase your open-box or refurbished device from a reputable vendor known for their quality refurbishment processes and excellent customer service. Read the customer reviews and check out vendor ratings on platforms like Amazon Renewed, Best Buy Outlet, or eBay’s certified refurbishers. Positive reviews from other buyers provide extra assurance about the quality and reliability of both the product and the vendor

  • Price versus Risk: Balance your savings with the potential risks to purchasing an open-box or refurbished device. Look beyond just the reduced price; consider the potential trade-offs. A steep discount might be enticing, but if the device lacks a warranty or has known battery issues, the risk might outweigh the savings. Weigh any potential future costs (like battery replacements or additional accessories) against the initial savings to get a true picture of the deal.

Purchasing an open-box or refurbished device is a terrific way to save money if you know what to look for when making your decision. Purchasing a device that is certified and has a good warranty from a trusted vendor with a good return policy helps to make the decision easier. Doing the research and taking your time can ensure you purchase a device that meets your needs and delivers the performance you need.

For more information:

7 Jul 2025

BEAD Notice of Program Changes Now Available

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On Thursday, July 3, 2025, DED’s Office of Broadband Development (OBD) published a Notice of Program Changes for the federally mandated Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) program Scoring Application Round.

This notice modifies the BEAD Program and implements requirements outlined in the BEAD Restructuring Policy Notice that was released by NTIA on June 6, 2025.

The BEAD Restructuring Policy notice can be accessed here. The Notice of Program Changes for the mandated round can be accessed here and on the OBD website under BEAD Documents.

Notice of Program Changes due to Federal Restructuring Policy Notice_0-1Download

Please contact broadband@ded.mo.gov for more information.