To help you purchase a new computer or tablet, we’ve discussed important jargon and what to consider when choosing a new or refurbished device. But we haven’t yet fully discussed different computer operating systems and choosing the right one for you.
The major operating systems (OSs) for computers are Windows, MacOS, and ChromeOS. The available operating systems for tablets include Android, iPadOS from Apple, Windows, and ChromeOS.
There are other OSs available for computers and tablets. Most are based on Linux, which is an open-source operating system. Open-source software or OSs are defined by the source code of the program being available to programmers to customize and provide security updates and new features to the software. These programmers form communities and share updates and information as well as provide support to users of the software via online documentation and videos. These OSs are free to download and use in most situations and can help extend the life of a computer that is not capable of being updated to the latest versions of Windows, Android, or the Apple operating systems (MacOS or iPadOS). Open-source operating systems might be a good choice for those that have more experience with computers and want to learn something new. Examples of Linux based operating systems are Ubuntu, Debian, and Kubuntu.
When looking at computers or tablets and the various OSs you’ll need to decide what the primary use of your device will be. Will you be using it to access information via the web and email, using productivity apps for home or business use, or doing design work such as creating graphics, designs, or audio, and video? The applications you will use can help decide which operating system and even which computer or tablet you decide to purchase.
Let’s go over the advantages and disadvantages of each of the operating systems for desktop and laptop computers.
Windows:
- Advantages:
- Versatility: Works on a wide range of devices, from budget to high-end.
- Software compatibility: Supports a variety of applications, including gaming and professional software.
- Customization: Allows users to tweak settings and personalize their experience.
- Disadvantages:
- Security risks: Because it is widely used, more malware and viruses are written to try and take advantage of the Windows operating system.
- Frequent updates: Some users find Windows updates disruptive. Frequent updates are also an advantage for the operating system as upgrades include security updates and new features.
- Performance variability: Runs on many different hardware configurations, leading to inconsistent performance.
MacOS:
- Advantages:
- Optimized performance: Works seamlessly with Apple hardware.
- Security: Because the operating system is not as widely used as Windows, fewer malware and viruses are written for the operating system.
- User-friendly interface: Intuitive design, great for creatives and professionals in visual design, architecture, engineering, audio, and video development.
- Disadvantages:
- Limited hardware choices: Only available on Apple devices.
- Higher cost: Apple computers tend to be more expensive.
- Software restrictions: Some applications, especially games, may not be available.
ChromeOS:
- Advantages:
- Affordability: Generally, the most budget-friendly option.
- Simplicity: Designed for web-based tasks, making it easy to use.
- Security: Automatic updates and built-in virus protection.
- Disadvantages:
- Limited offline functionality: Heavily reliant on internet access.
- Software limitations: Cannot run traditional desktop applications like Windows or MacOS because it must be connected to the Internet.
- Hardware constraints: Less powerful than Windows or MacOS devices.
Linux based Operating Systems:
- Advantages:
- Open-source and free: Several versions available for download.
- Highly customizable: Allows you to choose how you work with the operating system.
- Secure and stable: Updates are available, and the operating systems are updated based on community efforts.
- Large community support: The communities for these operating systems not only provide updates, but support users on issues and how-to’s for using the operating systems.
- Disadvantages:
- Steeper learning curve for beginners: No manuals for the OS. You have to rely on community forums and online help for support and the how-to’s on using the OS.
- Some software may not be compatible: You have to check if a Linux alternative exists or if you have to use a web version of the application.
- Hardware support varies by distribution: Online research is needed to determine if OS is compatible with your hardware.
Each tablet OS caters to different needs just like the computer OSs. Let’s look at the unique advantages and disadvantages for each:
iPadOS (Apple):
- Advantages:
- Optimized Performance: Available only on Apple hardware, ensuring smooth performance.
- Security: Strong security and privacy features.
- Extensive app ecosystem: The Apple app store has a variety of productivity applications, games, and other services.
- Work and communicate between devices: Seamless integration with other Apple devices.
- Disadvantages:
- Limited hardware choices: Limited to Apple tablets (iPads).
- hardware costs: Expensive compared to other tablet options.
- Less customization: Not as customizable compared to Android.
Android:
- Advantages:
- Hardware choice: Available on a wide range of tablets from different manufacturers.
- Customization: Highly customizable with widgets and third-party apps.
- Application Availability: Large app ecosystem via Google Play Store.
- Multiple users: Supports multiple user profiles.
- Disadvantages:
- Manufacturer added programs: Some tablets come with added and often unwanted software from the manufacturer or vendor (bloatware).
- Update Variability: Software updates can be inconsistent with different manufacturers.
- Security issues: Security risks due to open-source nature.
Windows:
- Advantages:
- Desktop\laptop experience: Menu, applications, and other features are the same as the desktop.
- Windows Software: Great for productivity with support for the computer versions of Microsoft Office and other professional software available for use and not just tablet versions.
- Familiar accessories: Tablets can be compatible with external desktop accessories like keyboards and mice.
- Disadvantages:
- Not as touch screen friendly: Less optimized for touch-based interactions compared to iPadOS and Android.
- Fewer apps: Limited tablet-specific apps.
- Hardware costs: Can be more expensive and heavier than other tablets.
ChromeOS:
- Advantages:
- Performance: Lightweight and fast, ideal for web-based tasks.
- Security: Secure with automatic updates.
- Hardware cost: Affordable compared to Windows and iPadOS tablets.
- Disadvantages:
- Needs to be connected: Limited offline functionality when not connected to the Internet.
- Software Compatibility: Cannot run traditional desktop applications.
- Hardware performance: Less powerful hardware compared to Windows tablets.
- Optimized for hardware: ChromeOS can be run on other devices but is optimized for Chomebooks and tablets.
Choosing the right computer or tablet depends on what you want to do with the device, and which applications you need to accomplish those tasks. That will drive your decision on which operating system to choose.
For more information on operating systems, check out these articles:
- Which OS Is Best: Windows, macOS, Linux, or ChromeOS? – PCMag
- Windows vs. MacOS vs. Chrome OS – digital trends
- Best alternative operating systems of 2025 – techradar
- 12 Free Alternatives to Windows Operating Systems – Make Use Of
- How to choose a Linux distro for your old PC – CNET